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7 λέξεις που χρησιμοποιούν οι ευφυείς άνθρωποι και 4 που έχουν διαγράψει

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«Ο λόγος σου με χόρτασε και το ψωμί σου φά’το» έλεγαν οι παλιοί και προφανώς ήξεραν ότι πρόκειται για μία διαχρονική αλήθεια με εφαρμογή και στην εποχή των social media, των άπειρων mails και της επικοινωνίας που μπορεί να έγινε πιο εύκολη, αλλά ταυτόχρονα και πιο δύσκολη. Πώς πείθεις κάποιον να κάνει το «δικό σου», να εργαστεί προς τη δική σου πρόταση; Πώς αλλάζεις το κλίμα σε μία συζήτηση που δείχνει ότι θα «στραβώσει» πριν καν αρχίσει;

Σύμφωνα με την Courtney Seiter, υπεύθυνη περιεχόμενου στη Buffer.com – μία από τις μεγαλύτερες εταιρίες management στα social media – όλο το παιχνίδι της επικοινωνίας περιστρέφεται γύρω από 10 μαγικές λέξεις ή κουβέντες και άλλες 7 που ό,τι δουλειά κι αν κάνεις, καλό θα είναι να αποφεύγεις.

1. «Εάν»

«Εάν θα ήθελες», «εάν θα μπορούσες» και πάει λέγοντας. Το «εάν» μας κάνει πιο συμπαθείς ακόμη και μέσα από ένα mail, λέει η Seiter, υποστηρίζοντας ότι βάζει έναν μικρό δισταγμό, σε οτιδήποτε δεν πρέπει να ξεχειλίζει από υπερβολική αυτοπεποίθηση.

2. Πληθυντικός αριθμός

Όχι της ευγένειας, αλλά της ομάδας. «Ας προσπαθήσουμε», «το κοιτάμε και το παλεύουμε», «θα τα καταφέρουμε». Ακόμη κι αν δεν… πιστεύουμε λέξη για το όποιο team spirit, ας το λέμε φωναχτά. Στο τέλος, γίνεται πιστευτό επιμένει η Seiter.

3. «Μαζί»

Είναι λέξη – κλειδί, που δουλεύει καλύτερα, όταν τη χρησιμοποιούμε σε πραγματικά δύσκολες καταστάσεις. Μάλιστα, σύμφωνα με παλαιότερη μελέτη του πανεπιστημίου του Stanford τα αποτελέσματα για τα μέλη ομάδων που άκουγαν συχνά τη λέξη «μαζί» ήταν εντυπωσιακά: – εργάζονταν 48% περισσότερο – αισθάνονταν λιγότερη κούραση – είχαν ισχυρότερο συναισθηματικό δεσμό με την ομάδα. Πολιτικάντικο το τρικ; Ίσως, αλλά δουλεύει.

4. «Ευχαριστώ»

Αυτό που σας έλεγε η μαμά σας, όταν ήσασταν μικροί. Να λέτε «ευχαριστώ». Δεν είναι απλώς ότι η ευγνωμοσύνη μακραίνει τον βίο, είναι ότι τον κάνει και πιο εύκολο. Όσοι ευχαριστούν τους άλλους – για το παραμικρό, που λέει ο λόγος – εκπέμπουν το μήνυμα ότι είναι άνθρωποι με φιλότιμο, που δεν θα αδικήσουν κανέναν.

5. «Μπράβο»

Πείτε το πειστικά, με πάθος, χαμογελαστά. Μη φοβάστε να επιβραβεύσετε κάποιον, κυρίως όταν το αξίζει. Το «μπράβο» ανοίγει πόρτες, ζεσταίνει καρδιές, κάνει τους ανθρώπους να ανοίγονται, να είναι πιο παραγωγικοί και πιο πρόθυμοι.

6. «Επειδή»

Αν πρέπει να αρνηθείτε κάτι, να απορρίψετε μία πρόταση, να τροποποιήσετε την κατεύθυνση ενός project, το «επειδή» είναι σωτήριο. Εξηγώντας στους άλλους, το γιατί δεν θα κάνουμε αυτό που προτείνουν και εξηγώντας το ήρεμα και σταθερά, σα να γνωρίζουμε το αποτέλεσμα, μειώνουμε τις αντιδράσεις και καταφέρνουμε το επιθυμητό.

7. Το όνομα του / της

Όταν απευθυνόμαστε σε κάποιον – φίλο, σύντροφο, συνεργάτη – το να χρησιμοποιούμε το όνομα του πολλές φορές είναι σωτήριο. Υποσυνείδητα περνάμε το μήνυμα – κατά την Seiter, πάντα – ότι τον λαμβάνουμε υπ’ όψιν, ότι δεν αδιαφορούμε για τη γνώμη του, ότι εμείς και εκείνος συνδεόμαστε σε έναν μοναδικό δεσμό. Τα ονόματα, όπως χαρακτηριστικά λέει, δεν είναι μόνο για να μας φωνάζουν στον δρόμο…

Όσο για τις λέξεις που καλό θα είναι να αποφεύγουμε, γενικώς; «Πρέπει», «είναι ανάγκη», «δεν γίνεται», «γρήγορα», «τώρα». Όλες αυτές είναι κουβέντες που χαρακτηρίζονται από ένταση και αρνητισμό και στις οποίες σχεδόν ποτέ δεν ανταποκρίνεται κανείς. Ακόμη κι αν όλα τα υπόλοιπα φαντάζουν πιο γλυκανάλατα και όχι τόσο ηγετικά, η Seiter, υποστηρίζει ότι στο τέλος της μέρας φέρνουν αποτέλεσμα και γι’ αυτό χρησιμοποιούνται από τα πιο έξυπνα και ικανά στελέχη επιχειρήσεων.

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Ψυχολογία

Δεν ακούει κανέναν το παιδί σας; Χρησιμοποιείστε τη μέθοδο «Γκάντι»

Published

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Μοιραστείτε το με τους φίλους σας

Το μικρό σας σας χτυπάει, αρνείται να σας υπακούσει… Με λίγα λόγια, μπροστά σας έχετε έναν μικρό… αντάρτη.

Με τη συμπεριφορά του πραγματικά σας φέρνει στα όριά σας. Τι κάνουμε λοιπόν; Σε αυτές τις δύσκολες περιπτώσεις μπορεί να βοηθήσει μια νέα μέθοδος. Το όνομά της; Ειρηνική αντίσταση! Πρότυπό της; Ο Μαχάτμα Γκάντι.

Ακόμη και τα πιο ήρεμα και υπάκουα πιτσιρίκια κάποια στιγμή αναστατώνουν τους γονείς τους. Γι’ αυτό και οι μικροεντάσεις δεν λείπουν σχεδόν από καμία οικογένεια. Είτε γιατί ο μικρός δεν μάζεψε τα παιχνίδια του από το καθιστικό είτε γιατί τα αδελφάκια τσακώνονται μεταξύ τους για το τελευταίο ποτήρι χυμό, με αποτέλεσμα ο μπαμπάς ή η μαμά να αναγκάζεται να βάζει τις φωνές. Όλα αυτά είναι απολύτως φυσιολογικά και συμβαίνουν και στις… καλύτερες οικογένειες.

Αν όμως το τρίχρονο πιτσιρίκι σας σας χτυπάει, αν το πεντάχρονο αγοράκι σας προσβάλλει και κοροϊδεύει τη νηπιαγωγό του, αν σας πιέζει ζητώντας διάφορα πράγματα με επίμονο και άσχημο τρόπο (π.χ. λειχουδιές, χρήματα, περισσότερη τηλεόραση), αν πρέπει να το παρακαλάτε με τις ώρες για να πάει στο κρεβάτι ή να φάει όλο το φαγητό του ή αν σας απειλεί ότι θα «αυτοκτονήσει», τότε τα πράγματα αλλάζουν.

Εδώ δεν πρόκειται για συνηθισμένες σκανδαλιές και γκρίνιες, αλλά για προβληματική συμπεριφορά. Ανεξάρτητα από τις αιτίες της, αυτή η συμπεριφορά διαταράσσει την οικογενειακή ισορροπία και φέρνει τα… πάνω κάτω στο σπίτι. Οι γονείς ταλαντεύονται ανάμεσα στην οργή και την απελπισία, τα πιτσιρίκια δοκιμάζουν τα όρια και τα νεύρα του μπαμπά και της μαμάς και απολαμβάνουν την εξουσία τους.

Υπάρχει… σωτηρία; Ναι! Αρκεί να ακολουθήσετε τη νέα τακτική που προτείνει ο καθηγητής Ψυχολογίας στο Πανεπιστήμιο του Τελ Αβίβ, Ηaim Omer, η οποία βασίζεται στη στάση και τη φιλοσοφία του Μαχάτμα Γκάντι. Δηλαδή στην ήρεμη μεν αλλά αποτελεσματική αντίσταση.

Ο Ινδός πολιτικός είχε καταφέρει να πηγαίνει κόντρα στους Βρετανούς αποικιοκράτες, χωρίς όμως η σύγκρουσή τους να βγαίνει εκτός ελέγχου και να οδηγεί σε καταστροφή. Ποιο ήταν το «όπλο» του; Η ειρηνική, χωρίς χρήση βίας, αντίσταση. Δεν θα μπορούσαν άραγε και οι γονείς να επωφεληθούν από αυτή την τακτική;

Μια πρωτοποριακή μέθοδος

Εδώ και πολλά χρόνια ο καθηγητής Ψυχολογίας Ηaim Omer δουλεύει και δοκιμάζει τη μέθοδό του σε οικογένειες στη Γερμανία και το Ισραήλ. Όλοι οι γονείς που συμμετέχουν στις έρευνές του μοιάζουν μεταξύ τους. Δηλαδή είναι μαμάδες και μπαμπάδες που έχουν μια ολέθρια έχθρα με τα μικρά τους, που βρίσκονται σε διαρκή σύγκρουση εξουσίας με τα πιτσιρίκια τους, συνήθως για ασήμαντες αφορμές.

Ή, από την άλλη, είναι γονείς που έχουν… παραδώσει τα όπλα και έχουν γίνει παιχνιδάκι στα χέρια του απαιτητικού παιδιού τους. Μάλιστα, ήδη η μέθοδος του καθηγητή Omer χρησιμοποιείται με επιτυχία από τους ειδικούς παιδοψυχολόγους στη Γερμανία σε μικρά και μεγάλα παιδιά.

Ποιο είναι, όμως, το μυστικό της νέας μεθόδου; Λοιπόν, οι γονείς, ανεξάρτητα από την ηλικία του παιδιού τους, θα πρέπει να σταματήσουν να «απαντούν» στις προκλήσεις του και να μην παρασύρονται σε μια κόντρα που δεν οδηγεί πουθενά, σε αυτόν το φαύλο κύκλο τού «Θα το κάνεις»-«Όχι, δεν θα το κάνω». Τι σημαίνει αυτό στην πράξη; Ας δούμε τι προτείνει η νέα μέθοδος:

Όχι κήρυγμα

Οι γονείς πρέπει να σταματήσουν το κήρυγμα, τα παρακάλια, τις ατέλειωτες συζητήσεις. Το μόνο που καταφέρνουν με όλα αυτά είναι να εξαντλούνται οι ίδιοι και στο τέλος το μικρό να κάνει τελικά το δικό του!

Ψυχραιμία και όχι άμεσες αντιδράσεις

Οι γονείς πρέπει να μάθουν να παραμένουν ήρεμοι σε έντονες καταστάσεις και να μην παρασύρονται από την ένταση της στιγμής. Αν, για παράδειγμα, το μικρό τους τους χαστουκίσει, θα πρέπει να μείνουν αρχικά σιωπηλοί και να συλλογιστούν αυτό που συνέβη.

Έτσι θα συγκρατήσουν την οργή τους, που μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε λάθος αντιδράσεις. Θα «απαντήσουν» στην κακή συμπεριφορά του παιδιού τους μόνο αφού περάσει κάποιος χρόνος: μισή ώρα αν το παιδί είναι κάτω των 6 ετών και μία μέρα αν είναι μεγαλύτερο.

Ξεκαθάρισμα… λογαριασμών με «Sit-in»!

Θα πρέπει να είναι ξεκάθαροι και σαφείς με το παιδί! Δηλαδή, θα πρέπει να του ανακοινώσουν ότι από εδώ και στο εξής δεν θα ανέχονται πια την άσχημη συμπεριφορά του. Επειδή όμως ένα πεντάχρονο που χτυπάει π.χ. συστηματικά τα συνομήλικά του ή φέρεται πολύ άσχημα στη μητέρα του δεν… παίρνει και πολύ στα σοβαρά υπόψη του τέτοιου είδους ανακοινώσεις, θα πρέπει οι γονείς να κάνουν την ανακοίνωσή τους με τον πιο σωστό τρόπο. Ποιος είναι αυτός;

Το «Sit-in». Δηλαδή, οι γονείς θα πρέπει να κάνουν «κατάληψη» στο δωμάτιο του παιδιού, να καθίσουν σε μια καρέκλα και να πουν με πολύ σοβαρό ύφος στο μικρό ότι δεν πρόκειται να ανεχτούν πια τη συμπεριφορά του και ότι περιμένουν, εδώ και τώρα, από εκείνο, τις προτάσεις του για να λυθεί το πρόβλημα.

Όπως τονίζουν οι ειδικοί της μεθόδου, «με το Sit-in δεν επιβάλλουμε τίποτα στο παιδί, αλλά αντίθετα το ενθαρρύνουμε να βρει μόνο του τη λύση. Οι γονείς δεν είναι ούτε αυθεντίες που γνωρίζουν τα πάντα ούτε ρομπότ-παιδαγωγοί που μοιράζουν επιβραβεύσεις ή τιμωρίες».

Μια αγκαλιά στις δύσκολες στιγμές

Αν το παιδί είναι μικρό (2-3 ετών) και έχει κάποιο από τα γνωστά ξεσπάσματα θυμού αυτής της ηλικίας, δηλαδή πέφτει στο πάτωμα, ουρλιάζει, καταστρέφει αντικείμενα ή απειλεί να κάνει κακό στον εαυτό του, οι γονείς μπορούν να το ηρεμήσουν με μια λαβή που ονομάζεται «η αγκαλιά της αρκούδας».

Σε αυτή την περίπτωση ο ενήλικος παίρνει το παιδί στην αγκαλιά του και κλείνει σφιχτά γύρω του τα χέρια του, έτσι ώστε το μικρό να μην μπορεί να κάνει καμία κίνηση. Το μήνυμα που παίρνει το πιτσιρίκι είναι το εξής: «Είμαι εδώ. Θα μείνω εδώ. Δεν θα σε αφήσω να συνεχίσεις αυτό που κάνεις».

Μάρτυρες «υπεράσπισης»

Συνήθως οι γονείς επιθετικών παιδιών αισθάνονται ντροπή για τη συμπεριφορά του μικρού τους και αποφεύγουν να μιλούν γι’ αυτό το θέμα. Σύμφωνα με τους ειδικούς, όμως, είναι σημαντικό να σπάσουν τη σιωπή τους και να αναζητήσουν τη βοήθεια κάποιου δικού τους άνθρωπου: είτε μιας φίλης, είτε ενός θείου ή θείας του παιδιού.

Αυτό το άτομο μπορεί να μεσολαβήσει στους καβγάδες τους με το μικρό, να χρησιμεύσει ως «μάρτυρας υπεράσπισης» των γονιών και να δείξει στο παιδί ότι βρίσκει σωστή την απόφαση και τη θέση του μπαμπά ή της μαμάς. Ας μην ξεχνάμε ότι ο κύκλος των γονιών -οι φίλοι και οι συγγενείς- παίζει σπουδαίο ρόλο για τα παιδιά, αφού αντιπροσωπεύει για εκείνα τον κόσμο των ενηλίκων.

Βλέποντας το μικρό ότι αυτός ο κόσμος αποδέχεται και στηρίζει τους γονείς, ηρεμεί και αισθάνεται μεγαλύτερη ασφάλεια και σιγουριά για τους δικούς του, τους σέβεται και τους υπολογίζει.

Mαζί στο γραφείο

Αν το παιδί είναι μεγαλύτερο, οι γονείς μπορούν να εφαρμόσουν την τακτική «Τime-in». Δηλαδή, το παιδί είναι υποχρεωμένο να περάσει μία μέρα με τον μπαμπά ή τη μαμά στο χώρο της εργασίας τους.

Τα οφέλη

Εφαρμόζοντας αυτή τη μέθοδο, οι γονείς κερδίζουν πολλά. Πρώτα απ όλα, αποκτούν υπόσταση ως γονείς. Τι σημαίνει αυτό; Ότι παύουν να είναι… αόρατοι για το μικρό. Έτσι γίνονται πιο δυνατοί και κάνουν αισθητή την παρουσία τους. Και αυτή η δύναμη είναι το αντίθετο της εξουσίας, που καταπιέζει και εξουδετερώνει το παιδί. Ας μην ξεχνάμε ότι οι τιμωρίες και οι απειλές απομακρύνουν το παιδί από το γονιό.

Αντίθετα, η δύναμη που πηγάζει από την ειρηνική αντίσταση φέρνει το παιδί πιο κοντά στο γονιό, γίνεται μια γέφυρα επικοινωνίας.

Τα παιδιά αναπτύσσονται πιο σωστά όταν αισθάνονται όχι μόνο την αγάπη και την τρυφερότητα των γονιών τους, αλλά και τη δύναμή τους και την αποφασιστικότητά τους. Είναι δύσκολο φυσικά να κάνεις το παιδί σου να σε βλέπει έτσι κάθε μέρα: τρυφερό αλλά και δυνατό.

Η μέθοδος Γκάντι, λοιπόν, προσπαθεί να συνδυάσει με τον καλύτερο και πιο άμεσο τρόπο αυτά τα δύο στοιχεία. Η ειρηνική αντίσταση μπορεί, πραγματικά, να βοηθήσει τους γονείς να αποκαταστήσουν την ισορροπία στην οικογένειά τους. Και, μάλιστα, από τη στιγμή που θα τα καταφέρουν, είναι πια περιττή…

Ναι μεν, αλλά…

Υπάρχει και αντίλογος σε αυτή τη μέθοδο. Ορισμένοι ειδικοί τη βρίσκουν υπερβολικά σκληρή και δύσκολη για τους γονείς και τα παιδιά. Μπορεί να μη χρησιμοποιούν οι γονείς βία, αλλά, από την άλλη, μήπως με αυτή την τακτική απλώς καταπιέζουν την παρόρμησή τους και επιβάλλουν την εξουσία τους με έναν άλλον τρόπο; Ο καθηγητής Omar γνωρίζει αυτό τον κίνδυνο. Όμως, όπως τονίζει, η σχέση παιδιού και γονιού έχει πάντα το στοιχείο της εξουσίας, αφού οι γονείς είναι εκείνοι που θα πρέπει να βάζουν τα όρια.

Η ειρηνική αντίσταση μπορεί να είναι «ειρηνική», αλλά ταυτόχρονα είναι και δυναμική, ενώ ο στόχος των γονιών που την εφαρμόζουν δεν είναι να νικήσουν… το παιδί. Η μαμά και ο μπαμπάς που ακολουθούν αυτή τη μέθοδο πρέπει να είναι ταυτόχρονα και τρυφεροί με τα μικρά τους. Θα πρέπει να τους λένε το «σ’ αγαπώ» και να τους δείχνουν έμπρακτα την αγάπη τους και το σεβασμό τους.

Δεν πρέπει να αποφεύγουν να «καλομαθαίνουν» το μικρό ταραξία με μια εκδρομή ή μια έξοδο για γλυκό. Όμως, αυτό θα πρέπει να το κάνουν χωρίς ανταλλάγματα, π.χ. «Αν είσαι φρόνιμος, θα πάμε σινεμά», και να δείξουν απλά στο πιτσιρίκι τους πόσο πολύ το υπολογίζουν και το εκτιμούν.

Τι είναι το «Sit-in»

O γονιός (ή και οι δύο γονείς) μπαίνει στο δωμάτιο, κλείνει πίσω του την πόρτα και κάθεται σε μια καρέκλα μπροστά στην είσοδο του παιδικού δωματίου. Με ήρεμη φωνή λέει στο παιδί: «Δεν αποδέχομαι άλλο αυτό που κάνεις (π.χ. το ότι χτυπάς και βρίζεις τα άλλα παιδιά κ.ά.). Θα μείνω εδώ και θα περιμένω από εσένα τις προτάσεις σου για το πώς μπορεί να βελτιωθεί η κατάσταση στο μέλλον».

Ο μπαμπάς (ή η μαμά) δεν πρέπει να ανοίξει διάλογο με το παιδί, να το προκαλέσει ή να απαντήσει στις προκλήσεις του. Αν το μικρό απλώσει το χέρι του, μπορεί να αμυνθεί, αλλά όχι με φωνές ή ανταποδίδοντας το χτύπημα. Στην περίπτωση που το παιδί κάνει σοβαρές προτάσεις για τη λύση του προβλήματος, θα πρέπει ο γονιός να τις συζητήσει μαζί του.

Αν πάλι το παιδί δεν προτείνει τίποτε, τότε ο γονιός θα πρέπει να παραμείνει στο δωμάτιο (μισή ή μία ώρα, ανάλογα με την ηλικία του παιδιού). Αν τελικά το «Sit-in» δεν φέρει αποτέλεσμα, μπορεί να το επαναλάβει την επόμενη ή τις επόμενες μέρες. Όπως έχουν δείξει οι έρευνες, η συμπεριφορά του παιδιού καλυτερεύει ύστερα από μερικά «Sit-in». Προσοχή όμως! Το «Sit-in» δεν πρέπει να γίνεται αμέσως μετά από κάποιον καβγά.

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Ψυχολογία

Όταν αρρωσταίνει η ψυχή, πονά και το σώμα

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Η ψυχή (νόηση) και το σώμα αποτελούν ένα ενιαίο και αδιάσπαστο σύνολο. Οταν για οποιονδήποτε λόγο πάσχει το ένα, αναπόφευκτα πλήττεται και το άλλο. Γνωρίζουμε πλέον και αποδεχόμαστε επιστημονικά ότι ο ανθρώπινος οργανισμός αντιμετωπίζεται ως μια ενιαία ψυχοβιολογική οντότητα.

Το σύμπτωμα αντιμετωπίζεται σαν ένα στάδιο της «εξέλιξης» που έχει κάποιο νόημα, ή υποδηλώνει συχνά τη διαταραγμένη σχέση του ατόμου με το περιβάλλον του.

Τα σωματικά συμπτώματα όταν η ψυχή νοσεί

Στην τρέχουσα πραγματικότητα της πανδημίας που διαβιούμε, το άγχος, ο φόβος και η ανασφάλεια, καθώς και τα έντονα συναισθήματα θλίψης, εγκατάλειψης, έλλειψης στόχου και νοήματος όπως και αυτά της απομόνωσης που προκύπτουν, τόσο σε προσωπικό όσο και σε κοινωνικό επίπεδο, μπορεί να οδηγήσουν σε ψυχοσωματικά συμπτώματα, όπως για παράδειγμα το σύνδρομο χρόνιας κοπώσεως, συχνουρία, πονοκέφαλος, ζαλάδες, αιμωδίες (μυρμηγκιάσματα), προβλήματα μνήμης (αιτία είναι η διάσπαση προσοχής από το άγχος που δημιουργεί προβλήματα στην αποθήκευση και στην ανάκληση των αποθηκευμένων στην μνήμη πληροφοριών), ανορεξία, ή αυξημένη όρεξη, βουλιμία, νυκτερινή ενούρηση σε παιδιά και εφήβους.

Το όποιο σύμπτωμα πάντα χρήζει ιατρικής εξέτασης, διάγνωσης και κατάλληλης ιατρικής αντιμετώπισης, από εξειδικευμένους γιατρούς. Οταν όμως γίνουν οι απαραίτητες εξετάσεις και αποκλειστεί ο παθολογικός παράγοντας, τότε κάποιος ψυχοσωματικός παράγοντας εμπλέκεται και επηρεάζει τον οργανισμό.

Ποιοι κινδυνεύουν περισσότερο και γιατί

Σύμφωνα με τη διεθνή βιβλιογραφία:

* Αναίτιους παθολογικά πονοκεφάλους έχουν συνήθως οι άνθρωποι που είναι πολύ αυστηροί με τον εαυτό τους και τελειομανείς.
* Προβλήματα στο στομάχι (χωρίς ιατρική – παθολογική αιτία) ή στο έντερο συνήθως συνδέονται με τον φόβο ή και την ανασφάλεια.
* Ο έντονος, συχνός, καταπιεσμένος και συσσωρευμένος θυμός συχνά προκαλεί ψυχοσωματικά συμπτώματα και είναι γενικότερα δείκτης δυσφορίας και μειωμένης λειτουργικότητας του ατόμου.

Πού οδηγεί ο φόβος και ο θυμός

Οταν κάποιος νιώθει έντονο φόβο, θυμό ή ανησυχία μπορεί να αναπτύξει ταχυκαρδία, αίσθημα αδιαθεσίας (ναυτία), τρέμουλο, εφίδρωση, πονοκέφαλο, έναν «κόμπο» στο στομάχι, γρήγορη αναπνοή.

Εκφράστε το συναίσθημα

Η έκφραση των συναισθημάτων είναι το «κλειδί» της ψυχοσωματικής ισορροπίας. Οταν καταπνίγουμε τον θυμό, την οργή ή τη θλίψη, τότε αυτά είναι πολύ πιθανό να αναδυθούν με τη μορφή ενός σωματικού συμπτώματος.
* Είναι σημαντικό να βλέπουμε τα πράγματα στις σωστές τους διαστάσεις. Δεν είναι λίγες οι φορές που χάνουμε την ψυχραιμία μας και μεγαλοποιούμε τα ζητήματα που αντιμετωπίζουμε, γεγονός που δεν μας βοηθά να αντιμετωπίσουμε τις καταστάσεις με δημιουργικό και αποτελεσματικό τρόπο.
* Η σωματική άσκηση μπορεί να συμβάλει στην αποφόρτιση από το στρες και στη βελτίωση της διάθεσης. Το ίδιο μπορούμε να επιτύχουμε και φροντίζοντας να εκπληρώσουμε έναν στόχο που έχουμε αφήσει σε εκκρεμότητα για μεγάλο χρονικό διάστημα ή βελτιώνοντας τη σχέση μας με ανθρώπους που είναι σημαντικοί στη ζωή μας.

Αγαπήστε, αποδεχθείτε και βελτιώστε τον εαυτό σας 

* Αναγνωρίστε με ποιον τρόπο επηρεάζει το άγχος τον οργανισμό σας.
* Μειώστε τα δυσάρεστα γεγονότα – απομακρυνθείτε από τοξικούς ανθρώπους και καταστάσεις.
* Αντικαταστήστε δυσλειτουργικές συμπεριφορές με άλλες, πιο βοηθητικές.
* Επικοινωνήστε έστω και διαδικτυακά με ανθρώπους που θέλετε και νιώθετε καλά και ευχάριστα μαζί τους. Μοιραστείτε όλα αυτά τα αρνητικά συναισθήματα και αντικαταστήστε τα με άλλα, πιο θετικά και ευχάριστα.
* Οραματιστείτε το μέλλον θετικά και θέστε στόχους μικρούς και μεγαλύτερους.
* Βρείτε το προσωπικό σας νόημα, τι είναι και τι όχι σημαντικό για εσάς και εργαστείτε προς αυτή τη κατεύθυνση.
* Ζητήστε τη συνδρομή και τη βοήθεια που χρειάζεστε και διεκδικήστε μια ευτυχισμένη και υγιή ψυχοσωματικά ζωή.

ΜΟΤΟ

«Πριν αποφασίσουμε ποια θεραπεία θα ακολουθήσουμε για το σώμα, πρέπει πρώτα να έχουμε θεραπεύσει το τραύμα της ψυχής» είπε τόσο εμπνευσμένα και ρεαλιστικά ο Ιπποκράτης

Από τη Βάσω Μακαρώνη, κλινική ψυχολόγο, ψυχοθεραπεύτρια.

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Ψυχολογία

Τι θα κρατήσουμε από το λοκντάουν στη ζωή μετά

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Τρέχαμε για να προλάβουμε και δεν είχαμε χρόνο για τίποτε και ξαφνικά ο χρόνος πάγωσε. Τρομαγμένοι, κλειστήκαμε στα σπίτια μας… Κι έτσι μαγειρέψαμε, κοιμηθήκαμε, είδαμε ταινίες, φάγαμε με την οικογένειά μας, ξεκαθαρίσαμε τις ντουλάπες μας, πειραματιστήκαμε με την κηπουρική, το μακιγιάζ, τις χειροτεχνίες… Τι θα κρατήσουμε από όλα αυτά;

Ο μόνος τρόπος για να περάσει κάποιος το λοκντάουν –όπως καταλάβαμε όλοι μας, χάρη στην εμπειρία μας τον τελευταίο χρόνο – είναι το να αντιμετωπίζει την κάθε μέρα χωριστά χωρίς να σκέφτεται το αύριο ή το μέλλον. Είναι μία συνθήκη δύσκολη, σκληρή, τρομακτική… Τώρα που όμως αρχίζουμε σιγά-σιγά και βλέπουμε το φως στην άκρη αυτού του τόσο σκοτεινού, μεγάλου και αποπνικτικού τούνελ αναρωτιόμαστε αν εκτός από όλα όσα χάσαμε αυτή τη χρονιά, που είναι πολλά και για κάποιους περισσότερα, υπάρχουν και κάποια που κερδίσαμε και τα οποία θα μπορέσουμε να πάρουμε μαζί μας όταν η ζωή μας γυρίσει τελικά στην προηγούμενή της κατάσταση.

Θα προσπαθήσω κι ας αποτύχει

Αν μου έλεγε κάποιος πριν από έναν χρόνο ότι φέτος θα μπορούσα χωρίς δυσκολία να φτιάξω σουφλέ σοκολάτας θα σκεφτόμουν ότι δεν με ξέρει καλά. Πόσο δε μάλλον αν μου έλεγε ότι εκτός από σουφλέ σοκολάτας θα μπορούσα πολύ άνετα να φτιάξω γαλακτομπούρεκο, εκμέκ, μπακλαβά, τάρτα μήλου (με δικό μου φύλλο), οποιαδήποτε πίτα τραβούσε η όρεξή μου, παστίτσιο, γεμιστά και άλλα πολλά. Και δεν είμαι η μόνη. Δεν λέω ότι πριν την πανδημία δεν μαγείρευα. Μαγείρευα. Αλλά δεν τολμούσα. Δεν είχα την πολυτέλεια του χρόνου αλλά ούτε και την τόλμη να διαλέξω μία συνταγή και, σαν να ξεκινούσα ένα καινούργιο άγνωστο ταξίδι, να την ολοκληρώσω. Και τότε ήρθε η καραντίνα και μας έκλεισε στα σπίτια μας, δίνοντάς μας την πολυτέλεια του προσωπικού χρόνου και παράλληλα τη διάθεση να διερευνήσουμε και να τεστάρουμε τις δυνατότητές μας. Και κάπως έτσι μαγειρέψαμε χωρίς να φοβόμαστε… Και όχι μόνο.

Κωδικός 6

Κανείς δεν εκτιμά την ελευθερία του αν δεν τη χάσει πρώτα. Κάπως έτσι έγινε και με τη σχέση μας με τη φύση, τη βόλτα στην παραλία, την άθληση στην εξοχή, το περπάτημα στο βουνό. Μόλις χάσαμε την ευκαιρία να μπορούμε να κάνουμε όλα τα υπόλοιπα στραφήκαμε στο πιο απλό, στο αρχέγονο και παράλληλα στο πιο αναγκαίο: Στην επαφή με την ομορφιά, την ενέργεια και την αισιοδοξία που μας δίνει το να βρισκόμαστε στη φύση. Κάποιοι μετακόμισαν στην επαρχία, άλλοι έκαναν τεράστιους περιπάτους με τα πόδια ή με ποδήλατο, άλλοι έτρεξαν, κολύμπησαν, φύτεψαν κήπους και μπαλκόνια. Αν χρειάζεται ένα και μόνο πράγμα να πάρουμε μαζί μας από τα όσα μάθαμε και κάναμε στο λοκντάουν, όταν η ζωή μας επιστρέψει στους φρενήρεις ρυθμούς της παλιάς μας καθημερινότητας, θα πρέπει να είναι η αγάπη και η σχέση που δημιουργήσαμε με τη φύση.

Σήμερα θα δουλέψω από το σπίτι

Η παραγωγικότητα των όσων δούλεψαν από το σπίτι στη διάρκεια αυτής της χρονιάς, όπου ο κορωνοϊός κυριάρχησε στη ζωή μας, αποδεικνύει ότι – όταν όλα γυρίσουν στους προηγούμενους ρυθμούς και επιστρέψουμε στα γραφεία μας – το να δουλεύουμε έστω κάποιες ημέρες από το σπίτι μπορεί να αποδώσει. Οσο για όλους όσοι νοσταλγήσαμε την κίνηση στον δρόμο προς τη δουλειά αλλά και τη συναναστροφή στο γραφείο με τους συναδέλφους μας, είναι σίγουρο ότι όταν ξαναγυρίσουμε στις προηγούμενες συνθήκες σύντομα θα νοσταλγήσουμε την εργασία από το σπίτι, έστω και περιστασιακά.

Ολοι μαζί στο τραπέζι

Ποιοι εργαζόμενοι είχαν την ευκαιρία να τρώνε με την οικογένειά τους συχνότερα από μία φορά την εβδομάδα ή τις 15 μέρες; Στη διάρκεια της καραντίνας είχαμε περισσότερο χρόνο με όσους κλείνει η πόρτα του σπιτιού μας με αποτέλεσμα να περάσουμε χρόνο μαζί, να μαγειρέψουμε μαζί, να παίξουμε, να τσακωθούμε και σίγουρα να φάμε. Ακόμα κι αν κάποια στιγμή βαρεθήκαμε, πράγμα λογικό και αναμενόμενο, δεν θα πρέπει να ξεχάσουμε να πάρουμε μαζί μας τη σημασία του χρόνου που περνάμε με τους ανθρώπους μας ακόμα και κάνοντας πράγματα τετριμμένα και αναμενόμενα, όπως το φαγητό στο ίδιο τραπέζι.

Δικαιούμαι να ξαπλώσω στον καναπέ να δω ταινία

Θυμάμαι ότι αφού γέννησα τον πρώτο μου γιο σκέφτηκα ότι πέρασε για μένα ανεπιστρεπτί η – προ παιδιών – ζωή, όπου «δικαιούμουν», χωρίς καμία τύψη, ενοχή ή εκκρεμότητα να ξαπλώσω στον καναπέ του σαλονιού και να απολαύσω μία, δύο ή και περισσότερες ταινίες. Αλλά ακόμα και όσο τα παιδιά μου μεγάλωναν εγώ και πάλι δεν είχα χρόνο…

Μέχρι που τον Μάρτιο του 2020 ξαφνικά ο χρόνος μού χαρίστηκε και αφού τακτοποίησα τα πάντα στο σπίτι μου, έλυσα όσες εκκρεμότητες μπορούσα και τα έβαλα όλα στη θέση τους, χαλάρωσα, αφού δεν μπορούσα να κάνω κι αλλιώς, και… τεμπέλιασα. Ο,τι κι αν σημαίνει η τεμπελιά για τον καθένα μας, όπως το να κοιμηθούμε περισσότερο το πρωί, να απολαύσουμε μία ή και δύο ταινίες, να διαβάσουμε το βιβλίο μας στη μέση της ημέρας, να ακούσουμε μουσική, να φτιάξουμε τα νύχια μας, ακόμα και να κοιτάμε το ταβάνι, αλλά όλα αυτά χωρίς καμία απολύτως τύψη ή ενοχή.

Αυτό το δικαίωμά μας στην τεμπελιά το οποίο έχουμε συνηθίσει να στερούμε από τον εαυτό μας αλλά και από τα παιδιά μας, χρειάζεται να το κρατήσουμε και μετά το λοκντάουν. Οταν η ζωή θα ξαναγίνει βιαστική και όλοι θα «πρέπει να είμαστε συνεχώς απασχολημένοι δημιουργικά και παραγωγικά». Τότε θα έχει αξία να θυμηθούμε ή να μην ξεχάσουμε πόσο χρειαζόμαστε αυτή την ξεκούραση χωρίς ενοχές και εκκρεμότητες να καραδοκούν για να μας ενοχλήσουν όσο εμείς ρεμβάζουμε απολαμβάνοντας τη ζωή, που δυστυχώς ή ευτυχώς δεν είναι τίποτε άλλο από το τώρα.

Τρέμω την ώρα που θα βοηθήσω τα παιδιά μου με το διάβασμα

Πριν τον κορωνοϊό το να βοηθήσω τα παιδιά μου με το διάβασμα μού φαινόταν τόσο δύσκολο όσο οι εξετάσεις για το πανεπιστήμιο. Αυτά να δυσανασχετούν κι εγώ να θυμώνω, να απογοητεύομαι και να απελπίζομαι. Μέχρι που χρειάστηκε όχι απλά να βοηθάω με τα μαθήματα αλλά και να υποκαταστήσω τον δάσκαλό τους κατά κάποιον τρόπο.

Και τότε συνειδητοποίησα ότι για να μπορέσω να τους βοηθήσω πραγματικά χρειαζόταν να κατανοήσω τη θέση τους: Τόσον καιρό μακριά από τους φίλους τους, τον δάσκαλό τους, πίσω από μία οθόνη να προσπαθούν να μάθουν καινούργια πράγματα. Και κάπως έτσι νιώθοντας κατανόηση για τη δύσκολη νέα κατάσταση στην οποία βρίσκονταν τα παιδιά μου αλλά κι εγώ μαζί τους, κατάφερα να τα βοηθήσω ουσιαστικά. Αυτή την κατανόηση θέλω να πάρω μαζί μου μετά το λοκντάουν. Για τα παιδιά μου, για όλους τους φίλους και τους αγαπημένους μου αλλά και για εμένα την ίδια.

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